Tutorial Sfera traforată

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Tutorial
Topic
Whiffle Ball (Part Module)
Level
Beginner
Time to complete
Authors
r-frank
FreeCAD version
0.16.6703
Example files
[1] Whiffle Ball
See also
None

Introducere

Acest tutorial este aici pentru a vă învăța cum se folosește Atelierul Part Workbench. Veți exersa:

  • inserare primitive geometrice
  • schimbarea valorilor primitivelor
  • utilizarea plasamentului
  • realizarea de operații booleene

This tutorial was originally written by Roland Frank (†2017, r-frank), and it was rewritten and illustrated by vocx.

This tutorial is here to teach you how to use the Part Workbench.

The Part Workbench was the first workbench developed. It provides the basic geometrical elements that can be used as building blocks for other workbenches. The Part Workbench is meant to be used in a traditional constructive solid geometry (CSG) workflow. For a more modern workflow using sketches, pads, and features, use the PartDesign Workbench.

You will practice:

  • inserting primitives
  • changing parameters of those primitive objects
  • modifying their placement
  • doing boolean operations

Final model of the wiffle ball

Setarea formelor elementare

  1. Comuntați pe Modulul Piese Part Workbench
  2. Creați un nou document făcând click pe File → New
  3. Inserați o casetă făcând click pe
  4. Asigurați-vă că ("cube") este selectat în vederea arborescentă
  5. Change the dimensions of the box (see data-tab) to
    1. Length= 90 mm
    2. Width= 90 mm
    3. Heigth= 90 mm
  6. Click into the value field of placement-row in data-tab so that ... appears on right side
  7. Click on ... to change the placement of the box
    1. X: -45 mm
    2. Y: -45 mm
    3. Z: -45 mm
  8. Click on OK to close dialog
  9. Insert box ("cube001") by clicking on
  10. Make sure the box ("cube001") is selected in tree view
  11. Change the dimensions of the box ("cube001") (see data-tab) to
    1. Length= 80 mm
    2. Width= 80 mm
    3. Heigth= 80 mm
  12. Change the placement of the box ("cube001") to
    1. X: -40 mm
    2. Y: -40 mm
    3. Z: -40 mm
  13. Click to insert a cylinder ("cylinder")
  14. Make sure the cylinder ("cylinder") is selected in tree view
  15. Change radius of cylinder to be 27,5 mm, change height to be 120 mm
  16. Change placement values of "cylinder" to be
    1. X: 0 mm
    2. Y: 0 mm
    3. Z: -60 mm
  17. Click to insert a cylinder ("cylinder001")
  18. Change radius of "cylinder001" to be 27,5 mm, change height to be 120 mm
  19. Choose Edit > Duplicate selection from the top menu to get another cylinder ("cylinder002")
  20. Make sure "cylinder001" is selected in tree view
  21. Change placement values of "cylinder001" to be
    1. Y: 60 mm
    2. Rotation axis with angle
    3. Axis: X
    4. Angle: 90°
  22. Click on OK to apply values and close dialog
  23. Make sure "cylinder002" is selected in tree view
  24. Change placement values of "cylinder001" to be
    1. X: -60 mm
    2. Rotation axis with angle
    3. Axis: Y
    4. Angle: 90°
  25. Click on OK to apply values and close dialog
  26. Click on to change to axometric view
  27. Click on to zoom to fit all
  28. Select "cube001", "cylinder", "cylinder001" and "cylinder002" and fuse them by clicking
  29. Select "cube" and "fusion", but make sure, that "cube" is selected FIRST
  30. Apply a boolean cut by clicking
  31. Forma de bază finalizată ar trebui să arate astfel:

Tip: Dacă ați selectat ceva greșit sau doriți doar să eliminați rapid totul,
doar faceți clic pe (OpenInventor Navigation-Style: CTRL-Click),

Insert primitive cubes

2. Insert a primitive cube by clicking on Box.

2.1. Select Cube in the tree view.
2.2. Change the dimensions in the Data tab of the property editor.
2.3. Change Length to 90 mm.
2.4. Change Width to 90 mm.
2.5. Change Height to 90 mm.

3. In the Data tab of the property editor, click on the Placement value so the ellipsis button ... appears on the right.

3.1. Press on the ellipsis to launch the Placement dialog.
3.2. Change the Translation values.
3.3. Change X to -45 mm.
3.4. Change Y to -45 mm.
3.5. Change Z to -45 mm.
3.6. Press the OK button to close the dialog.

4. Repeat the process, inserting a second, smaller cube by clicking on Box.

4.1. The second cube will be created with the same name, but with an additional number to distinguish the object.
4.2. Select Cube001 in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement like with the previous object.
4.3. Change Length to 80 mm.
4.4. Change Width to 80 mm.
4.5. Change Height to 80 mm.
4.6. Open the Placement dialog.
4.7. Change X to -40 mm.
4.8. Change Y to -40 mm.
4.9. Change Z to -40 mm.
4.10. Press the OK button to close the dialog.

Change visual properties

5. The previous operations create a smaller cube inside a bigger cube. To visualize this, we can modify the View properties in the property editor.

5.1. Select Cube001, the smaller cube, in the tree view, and change the color. In the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a green color; also change the value of Line Width to 2.0.
5.2. Select Cube, the larger cube, in the tree view. In the View tab, change the value of Transparency to 70.

Solid cube inside another solid cube

Insert primitive cylinders

6. Insert a primitive cylinder by clicking on Cylinder.

6.1. Select Cylinder in the tree view.
6.2. Change the dimensions in the Data tab of the property editor.
6.3. Change Radius to 27.5 mm.
6.4. Change Height to 120 mm.
6.5. Open the Placement dialog.
6.6. Change Z to -60 mm.
6.7. Press the OK button to close the dialog.

7. Repeat the process, inserting a second cylinder by clicking on Cylinder.

7.1. The second cylinder will be created with the same name, but with an additional number to distinguish the object.
7.2. Select Cylinder001 in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement like with the previous object.
7.3. Change Radius to 27.5 mm.
7.4. Change Height to 120 mm.
7.5. Open the Placement dialog.
7.6. Change Y to 60 mm.
7.7. Change the Rotation to Rotation axis with angle; Axis to X (by setting the X, Y and Z values of the axis inputboxes to 1, 0 and 0 respectively), and Angle to 90 deg.
7.8. Press the OK button to close the dialog.

8. Insert another cylinder. This time create a duplicate so that the radius and height don't have to be changed, only its placement.

8.1. Select Cylinder001 in the tree view, and go to the menu Edit → Duplicate selection. This will create Cylinder002.
8.2. Open the Placement dialog.
8.3. Change X to -60 mm, and change Y back to 0 mm.
8.4. Change the Rotation to Rotation axis with angle; Axis to Y, and Angle to 90 deg.
8.5. Press the OK button to close the dialog.

Change visual properties

9. The previous operations create three cylinders that intersect with each other, and also intersect the cubes. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.

9.1. Select Cube001, the smaller cube, in the tree view, and change the transparency. In the View tab, change the value of Transparency to 70.
9.2. Select Cylinder, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a red color.
9.3. Select Cylinder001, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a blue color.
9.4. Select Cylinder002, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a pink color.
9.5. Select the three cylinders, in the View tab also change the value of Line Width to 2.0.

Solid cylinders that intersect themselves and the solid cubes.

Fuse and cut

10. In the tree view, select Cube001 (the inner, smaller cube), and the tree cylinders, then press Fuse. This will create a Fusion object.

11. Then perform a boolean cut of the Cube (larger cube) and the new Fusion object.

11.1. In the tree view select Cube first, and then Fusion.
11.2. Then press Cut. This will create a Cut object.
Note: the order in which you select the objects is important for the cut operation. The base object is selected first, and the subtracting object comes at the end.
11.3. If the colors look strange, select the new Cut object, go to the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a gray color; also change the value of Line Width to 2.0.

Hollow shape produced from cutting a cube and three cylinders from a bigger cube.

Insert primitive cubes to cut the corners of the partial solid

Now we'll create more cubes that will be used as cutting tools to trim the corners of the previously obtained Cut object.

12. Click on Box.

12.1. Select Cube002 in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement.
12.2. Change Length to 140 mm.
12.3. Change Width to 112 mm.
12.4. Change Height to 112 mm.
12.5. Open the Placement dialog.
12.6. Change X to -70 mm.
12.7. Change Y to -56 mm.
12.8. Change Z to -56 mm.
12.9. Press OK.

13. Click on Box.

13.1. Select Cube003 in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement.
13.2. Change Length to 180 mm.
13.3. Change Width to 180 mm.
13.4. Change Height to 180 mm.
13.5. Open the Placement dialog.
13.6. Change X to -90 mm.
13.7. Change Y to -90 mm.
13.8. Change Z to -90 mm.
13.9. Press OK.

We'll duplicate the previous two objects again to use once more as cutting objects.

14. Select only Cube002 in the tree view, and go to Edit → Duplicate selection. This will create Cube004.

15. Select only Cube003 in the tree view, and go to Edit → Duplicate selection. This will create Cube005.

16. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.

16.1. Select the Cut object, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a blue color.
16.2. Select all new cubes, Cube002, Cube003, Cube004, and Cube005, in the View tab, change the value of Transparency to 80.

Additional external cubes that will be used as cutting objects for the internal solid.

Scurtături partea 1

  1. Insert box ("cube002") by clicking on
  2. Change the dimensions of the box ("cube002") (see data-tab) to
    1. Length= 140 mm
    2. Width= 112 mm
    3. Heigth= 112 mm
  3. Change the placement of the box ("cube002") to
    1. X: -70 mm
    2. Y: -56 mm
    3. Z: -56 mm
  4. Insert box ("cube003") by clicking on
  5. Change the dimensions of the box ("cube003") (see data-tab) to
    1. Length= 180 mm
    2. Width= 180 mm
    3. Heigth= 180 mm
  6. Change the placement of the box ("cube003") to
    1. X: -90 mm
    2. Y: -90 mm
    3. Z: -90 mm
  7. Make sure "cube002" is selected in tree view, otherwise select it
  8. Choose Edit > Duplicate selection from the top menu to get another box ("cube004")
  9. Make sure "cube003" is selected in tree view, otherwise select it
  10. Choose Edit > Duplicate selection from the top menu to get another box ("cube005")
  11. Select "cube003" and "cube002", but make sure, that "cube003" is selected FIRST
  12. Activate menu to change placement
  13. Tick option "Apply incremental changes to object placement", notice that all values are reset ...
  14. Choose "Rotation: X-Axis" and "Angle: 45°" and click on Apply
  15. Choose "Rotation: Z-Axis" and "Angle: 45°" and click on Apply
  16. Click on OK to close the dialog
  17. Apply a boolean cut by clicking , the resulting object will be named "cut001"

17. In the tree view select Cube002 and Cube003.

17.1. Open the Placement dialog.
17.2. Tick the option Apply incremental changes; notice that all Translation values are reset to zeroes.
17.3. Change the Rotation to Rotation axis with angle; Axis to X, and Angle to 45 deg, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the X-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero.
17.4. Change the Rotation again, now Axis to Z, and Angle to 45 deg, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the local Z-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero.
17.5. Click on OK to close the dialog.

18. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cube003 first, the bigger cube, and then Cube002, the smaller cube.

18.1. Then press Cut. This will create Cut001. This is a hollowed body which intersects the initial Cut only at certain corners.

19. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.

19.1. Select Cube004 and Cube005, in the View tab, then change the value of Visibility to false, or press Space in the keyboard.
19.2. Select Cut001, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a red color; also change the value of Transparency to 90.

A rotated, hollowed solid, which will be used as a cutting object for some corners of the internal solid.

Scurtături partea 2

  1. Selectați "cube005" and "cube004", dar asigurați-vă că "cube005" este PRIMUL selectat
  2. Activați meniul de schimbarea amplasament
  3. Bifați opțiunea "Apply incremental changes to object placement", notice that all values are resetted ...
  4. Alegeți "Rotation: X-Axis" și "Angle: 45°" apoi faceți clicl pe Apply
  5. alegeți "Rotation: Z-Axis" și "Angle: -45°" și click pe Apply
  6. Click pe OK pentru a închide dialogul
  7. Apicați boolean cut făcând click , obiectul rezultat va fi numit "cut002"
  8. Click pe pentru a schimba vederea axonometrică
  9. Click pe pentru a face prin zoom toate vizibile

Dacă totul a mers bine, modelul dvs. ar trebui să arate astfel:

20. In the tree view select Cut001, in the View tab, change the value of Visibility to false, or press Space in the keyboard.

21. In the tree view select Cube004 and Cube005, in the View tab, change the value of Visibility to true, or press Space in the keyboard.

21.1. Open the Placement dialog.
21.2. Tick the option Apply incremental changes; notice that all Translation values are reset to zeroes.
21.3. Change the Rotation to Rotation axis with angle; Axis to X, and Angle to 45 deg, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the X-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero.
21.4. Change the Rotation again, now Axis to Z, and Angle to -45 deg, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the local Z-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero.
21.5. Click on OK to close the dialog.

22. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cube005 first, the bigger cube, and then Cube004, the smaller cube.

22.1. Then press Cut. This will create Cut002. This is a hollowed body which intersects the initial Cut only at certain corners.

23. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.

23.1. Select Cut002, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a pink color; also change the value of Transparency to 90.

A rotated, hollowed solid, which will be used as a cutting object for some corners of the internal solid.

Finalizarea modelului

  1. Selectați "cut" și "cut001", dar asigurați-vă că "cut" este selectat PRIMUL
  2. Apicați boolean cut făcând click pe , obiectul rezultat va fi numit "cut003"
  3. Selectați "cut003" și "cut002", dar adigurați-vă, că "cut003" este ales primul
  4. Apicați boolean cut prin click pe , obiectul rezultat fa fi numit "cut004"
  5. Click pe pentru a schimba vederea axonometrică
  6. Click pe pentru ca prin zoom să le cuprindeți prin toate
  7. Nu uitați să vă dalvați fișierul...

Felicitări! Tocmai ați terminat cu succes acest tutorial!

24. Make sure all objects are visible. In the tree view select all objects, in the View tab, change the value of Visibility to true, or press Space in the keyboard.

The internal hollowed solid, together with the external objects which will be used to cut it.

25. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cut first, and then Cut001.

25.1. Then press Cut. This will create Cut003.

The internal hollowed solid, cut by Cut001.

26. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cut003 first, and then Cut002.

26.1. Then press Cut. This will create Cut004. This is the final object.
26.2. Select Cut004, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a green color; also change the value of Line Width to 2.0.

The internal hollowed solid, cut by Cut001 and Cut002. Final model.

27. Real objects don't have perfectly sharp edges or corners, so applying a fillet to the edges can be done to refine the model.

27.1. In the tree view, select Cut004 then press Fillet.
27.2. In the Fillet edges task panel go to Selection, choose Select edges, and then press All. As Fillet type choose Constant radius, then set Radius to 1 mm.
24.3. Press OK. This will create a Fillet object.
27.4. In the View tab, change the value of Line Width to 2.0.

Final whiffle ball model with fillets applied to the edges.


Part
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